NAVIGATION TIP:
Use the Firefox browser with the CoolPreview add on. CoolPreview will give a magnifying glass icon at every link when you put your cursor on the link. Click on the icon and it will open a separate, smaller window with the definition of the term in it. You can either lock the window by clicking the padlock icon in the top bar of the little window, or move your cursor off the window and it will automatically close. This is almost as good as mouseovers.
pacari: See, paqarichiy.
Pacarimoc Runa: (n) Literally, the first men who emerged. Those people did not know how to do anything, not even how to make clothes; they wore tree leaves and straw mats. Nor did they know how to make houses; they lived in caves and under cliffs. GPA
Pacaritambo: (n) Abode of Procreation where Inti gave life to the first mortals, who were created there after the flood (Uñu Pachacuti) and emerged from three caves. NFL (See, Tambo Toco, paqarichiy.)
Pacaritambo, drawing by Felipe Guaman
Poma de Ayala.
paccariscas: (n) The places where tribal ancestors were believed to have emerged into the world. These could be caves (the most important one being Pacaritambo), hills, lakes or springs (paqarinas), and they became important centers for thanksgiving.IAWS
pacha: (n) (1) Location in time and space; where time and space are in conjunction. (2) Life phases; the in-between space, a bardo. (3) The physical world. Time, earth, space, universe. ROR JLH AVO (4) The Divine Cosmos. It includes quantity, other realities, Divinity, what is still a mystery. IGMP (5) Age; era; time. (6) Oneself; a being. (7) Soil; nature; place. RS
pacha callaripaua (AYM): (adv) At the beginning of earth. ASD
Pachacamac, Pachakamak: (n) (1) Literally, he who animates the world. Universal masculine energy in time and space; creator of the world. Deity of the Andes; world ruler; creator; he who puts order in the world. RS A chthonic creator-god, originally worshipped by the Yuncas but then adopted by the Incan Empire. He was a son of Inti and Mama Killa, and husband of Pachamama. WIC When he had created the first man and woman, he forgot to provide them with food. When the man died, the woman accused Pachacamac of neglect, whereupon he made her fertile, and she bore a son. The god killed the son, cut the corpse in pieces from which grew the various fruits and vegetables. The second son escaped him, however, and so the god slew the mother. This son, called Wichama, avenged his mother's death by driving Pachacamac into the sea. WPO Primarily he was the Underworld god causing earthquakes but may have been related also to the fertility of the Earth. His wife, Urpihuachac, had thrown the first fishes into the Ocean. PRM Some scholars say this is an attribute of Wiracocha. HOI Pachacamac appears to have been a Chimu deity. As a child of the sun and the moon, he was a brother to Con. The cult of Pachacamac survived the might of Inca domination. IAWS (2) A temple outside of Lima where the philosophy of yanantin was born. RS NND The site of Pachacamac on the central coast of Peru has long been regarded as the preeminent religious and/or pilgrimage center of pre-Hispanic Peru. The fame and power of its oracle and ancient temples, together with myths pertaining to its dualistic, earth-dwelling, patron deity named Pachacamac, have been described by both Spanish Colonial writers and modern scholars. This deity is said to have had the power, on the one hand, to create and sustain humans, nurture crops, and cure disease, and, on the other hand, to cause earthquakes, storms in the Pacific, and disease. In his 1534 report, Miguel Estete, for example, noted that many pilgrims from far and wide came there to pay respects, consult, and/or make offerings to the oracle at the Temple. This sanctuary was surrounded by shelters for pilgrims and the tombs of noblemen and priests, who wished to be buried close to the deity they had worshipped. WPAP After crossing inhospitable mountains, travelers would be awed by the temple. Fantastic murals covered the adobe walls and through its many doors access could be found to a series of plazas. Pachacamac not only offered advise to individuals, but offered protection from natural disasters and disease. In return, he expected tribute in the form of goods and the blood of sacrificial victims, both animal and human. IAWS
pacha cuti (AYM): (adj) Of war. ASD
pachacuti, pachakuti: (n) (1) A period of upheaval and cosmic transformation, overturning of the space/time continuum that affects consciousness. Reversal of the world. KOAK ROR A cataclysmic event separating eras in time. The founding of the Inca Empire was seen as the beginning of a new era, and the Inca ruler responsible took Pachacuti as his namme. The Conquest was also seen as a pachacuti, in the sense of a great disaster. Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala mourned it as a world in reverse because hanan and hurin had been overturned and the Spanish had failed to institute a new order that was just or made sense. CSCR (2) Coming back to source. TP A return to the essence of the cosmos. There is a cosmic cycle of one thousand years, like the cycle of day and night. Five hundred years is daytime, five hundred is nighttime. The Spanish arrived with the sunset between 1492 and 1532. Now we are living in a New Sunrise, which is very special because this first light is food for the heart. IGMP (3) The revolution of time and space, the concept of succession and renewal. The Incas believed in an elaborate succession of worlds or creations, inhabited by different races of beings and/or civilizations. Each age was referred to as being ruled over by a Sun [and assigned a successive number]. The general course of development was from the more primitive to the sophisticated. Each world ended, destroyed by some catastrophic event. MAN (See, First Sun, Second Sun, Third Sun, Fourth Sun, Fifth Sun.)
pachacutik: (n) 500-year period between pachacutis. MAN
Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, Pachakuteq Inca Yupanqui: The ninth Inca emperor whose remarkable rule (1438-1471) earned him the appellation Transformer of the World and Earthshaker. Among his accomplishments he rebuilt Cusco after it was destroyed in the war with the Chanca (See, Appendix D), he built Machu Picchu, developed the state and organized the institutions and systems that would become the hallmarks of Inca rule: national taxation and labor levies, roadways and imperial communication network, and extensive warehousing of food and other commodities for redistribution throughout the empire. MAN (See, Appendix H.)
pacha kuyuy: (n) Earthquake. QP
pachakamanta: (n) Literally, from a hundred or concerning a hundred, which would indicate a relation to the Inca concept of the hundred as a standardized political unit. It is the name of the large ornament at the start of the quipu. See, Appendix C for a picture.
Pachamama, Pacha Mama: (n) (1) Mother Earth, Gaia; both the physical planet and the goddess archetype. Universal feminine energy in time and space; cosmic mother. Wife of Pachacamac. WMO Goddess of the earth and overseer of planting and harvesting. seen as a huge dragon which causes earthquakes. GM The Earth Mother of the Chincha of Peru. The supreme god Pachacamac emerged from her. She is also mentioned as his consort. WPO Goddess responsible for the well-being of plants and animals. Offerings to her of coca, chicha and prayers are made on all agricultural occasions. MAN (2) The Inca propitiated Pachamama, and other spirits, by placing offerings on mountaintops, in crevices and caves, and buried near buildings or fields. One kind of offering used throughout the Inca realm involved copper, silver, or gold figurines dressed in elaborate miniature garments, often decorated with feathers. BOC (Also, Mama Pacha. See, mama.)
pachamama despacho: See, Appendix J.
Pachamamakamak: (n) Mother Earth as the relationship of time and space, above and below.
Pachatira, Pachatierra: (n) (1) Refers to a concept of earthly or subterranean fecundity, which is important in a discussion of celestial animals (def. 2) which originate from and are actually composed of the earth. We find in the Andes a general belief in the subterranean origin of all animals. ACES (2) Dark cloud constellations which are located in that part of the Milky Way (Mayu) where one sees the densest clustering of stars and the greatest surface brightness, thus the fixed clouds of interstellar dust [dark matter (Yana Phuyu)] have the greatest contrast. They represent a transitional, intermediate category of celestial phenomena; even though located in the sky, they are classified as pachatierra, or pachatira, the Spanish and Quechua words for earth. There is a correlation of the astronomical periodicities of the pachatira with the biological cycles of their animal counterparts on the earth (sp). ACES (See, yana phuyu for a fuller explanation.)
Pachatusan: (n) (1) The name of one of one of the sacred mountains of the Inca empire. Its mystical significance is as the nexus, the axis of ceke lines, of power in the mesa which is known as pachatusan. (2) The axis to which you anchor your engagements, your ability to assemble your reality and not collude with ordinary reality (which is reaction). JLH
pacsi: (n) Month. AEAA
pago (Span): (n) A despacho offered in payment or atonement, often given with food and drink. KOAK
pago a la tierra (Span): Literally, payment to the earth. Alcohol, burnt offerings and smashed pottery to ensure fertility of the fields. JAR
Paititi: See, Paytiti.
pakasqa: (adj) Hidden. PSL
palero (Span): (n) A vegetalista who uses entheogenics from the bark of various trees such as ayahúman (Couroupita guianensis), huacapú (Minquartia guinensis), clavohuasca (Tynanthas panurensis), chuchuwasa (Heisteria pallida), ch'ullachaki-caspi (Brysonima christianiae), remocaspi, lupuna colorada,et al. AYV
pambamuri (Amaz): (n) A mythological huge, hairy ray fish, also known as rayamama, sometimes 30-40 meters wide. Whirlwinds ride atop it and it is connected with soul imprisonment. It sinks boats, erodes riverbanks and acts as a lid for a network of subterranean tunnels which connect cities at the bottom of lakes and rivers. AYV
pampa: (n) (1) Land, ground, valley. RS Plain or flat area of any size. CSCR (2) Understanding and dialogue with elementals and nature. (See, pampamesayoq.) (adj) Flat. CSCR
pampa aklla conas: See, akllas.
Pampachaway!: (expression) Excuse me! Sorry! RS
pampachay: (v) To forgive, to pardon; literally, to make level . PSL RS
pampamesayoq: (n) Shamanic level of caretaker of the land, cycles of the natural world; keeper of the earth. AVO Lower shaman; Andean priest of the second level who specializes in rituals like performing despachos or coca leaf readings. RS
pana, pani, panay: (n) (1) Female friend of a male, sister of a man. QP ICC (2) Feminine equivalent of wayqi. JLH By balancing your own lloke and pana energies, and following the pathway of your power, you can go through any obstacle, even physical walls. IGMP (See, authentic self.)
panaca, panaka: (n) The original ten or so royal ayllus of the Inca imperial household; direct descendants of the first ten kings of Cusco. The panacas complemented the original ten ayllus of the tambos at Tambo Toco. MAN In Inca times this word refers to the twelve royal lineages of Inca families that competed in the Wiracocha Temple to become the next Sapa Inca or ruler of the Empire. QNO RS (See, Appendix H.)
panga-cometas: (n) Comets of living leaves which change into flying animals that assist the vegetalista (sp). AYV
pani: See, pana.
panshin oni (Panoan): One of three kinds of ayahuasca distinguished by the Shipibo according to color, yellow ayahuasca, from vines having three different mamas: the boa, the grasshopper and the chicua bird, which with its song announces whether the vegetalista should cut the vine at that time. AYV Yellow ayahuasca, traditionally considered the best for initiation. The most commonly employed in curanderismo in Amazonian Peru. WSEC (See, oni.)
Panshin oni.
panta: (adj) Wrong, mistaken. QP
pantay: (v) To make an error. QP
panteon: (n) Cemetery (sp.). PSL
paña: (n) Right hand; right side; right hand side of the path, relating to mystical knowledge; the cold, rational, objective and structured side of the path governing initiation and ritual; known as "the road to god." The side of the path where the shaman communicates directly with spirits. Lloke and paña must be integrated to fully push the kawsay. QNO JLH
Papamtúa (Amaz): The Father that takes care of everybody. AYV (See, Pachacamac)
papas-trueno: (n) (Dioscorea sp.) is a kind of yam. The person who consumes this plant is able to summon the rain or keep it from falling, to control the wind and thunderbolt. It is very difficult to obtain, found in high hills in the jungle. It looks like a golden heart. AYV
paqar: (adv) Very early in the morning. TLD
paqarichiy: (v) To found, to originate. RS To give life. Establish. TLD
paqarimuy: (v) To be born. RS
paqarina: (n) (1) Places of emergence such as caves, water, mythical beings. Good sources for inspiration and creative energy. (2) Female nature spirit who is the guardian of one's birthplace; most prominent feminine aspect of the natural geography at one's birth site. JLH QNO (3) Female counterpart of the Itu Apu. RS QNO (4) Place of origin or dawning. Most ancient and many modern Andean ethnic groups and ayllus consider a particular rock, cave, spring, mountain, or other natural feature as their paqarina. CSCR Portal to the kingdoms of creation. RMFA After the Uñu Pachacuti, Wiracocha made the different peoples out of clay and then painted on the garments that each group was to wear. Each was given its own language, songs, and favorite foods and even hairstyle. Then he sent them to the various regions to which he had assigned them -- the lakes, caves and mountains from which they re-emerged into the light. IAWS (See, Susurpuquio, for an image.)
paqariy: (v) To be born, appear from, originate. TLD
paqcha: (n) A carved and painted staff-like device with a bowl on one end, used in divination ceremonies by Inca priests. MAN
paq’o: (n) (1) Healer, shaman in the Andean tradition. (2) A white llama or alpaca, a confusion of the Spanish who thought that was the Quechua word for the animal. These white animals talked and gave prophecies, which is why they were called paq’os. JLH Alpaca. RMFA
paq’okuna: (n) Medicine people. JLH
para: (n) Rain. QP
Paracas: (n) A culture on the south coast of Peru, one of the first to develop mummification and, probably, ancestor worship, which influenced all later West coastal and Andean cultures. MAN (See, mallqui.)
para-pára: See, hiporúru. THIM
Paratia: A community in the mountains outside Puno. Historically very inaccessible, over the centuries it has received little impact from outside influences. The inhabitants are considered to have the purest lineage of the Inca textiles. IGMP
Pariacaca, Pariya Qaqa: (n) Literally, igneous rock. MOC (1) An ancient pre-Inca god of water, rain and storms, as well as a god of creation. A five-fold being, he was born as a falcon, but assumed a human form later. He was worshipped in the Central Andes and defeated Huallallo Carhuincho. WPO (2) The mountain of the same name which is the embodiment of the god.
pastilla: (n) (Span) Pill. QP
pata: (n) (1) Place. (2) Upper part. (adv) (1) Above. On top of. (2) Because of. TLD
pata pata: (1) A terrace formed of earth, bordered by stones, that kept agriculture from eroding the mountainsides. The most important crop of the pata pata was the potato. (2) Stairs, staircase. TLD
.
A mountainside with pata patas.
Paullu Inca: (1518-1549) The second Manco Capac's younger half-brother who greatly supported him during the first turbulent months of his rule as puppet-Inca in Cusco. However, when Manco Capac was in rebellion, Paullu sided with the Spanish and seized his opportunity to become puppet-Inca in Cusco. He then embraced the Spanish lifestyle enthusiastically. He wore Spanish clothes, received instruction in the Catholic religion and was baptized Don Melchor Carlos Inca. With the zeal of a fresh convert, he betrayed the location of some of the mummies of his forefathers. HDP An Inca who ruled the empire under Spanish direction. AEAA (See, mallqui and Appendix H.)
Paullu Inca (Don Melchor
Carlos Inca). Drawing by
Felipe Guaman Poma
de Ayala.
pawi: (n) Darkness, confusion. PSL
pawikuy: (v) To be confused. PSL
payan: (n) (1) Secondary ceke from energy stored in an energy center; the community level manifestation of the ceke line. (2) A term for categorizing the importance of things, in this case medium. (See, huaca, kollana and kayao.) JLH
payés [Amaz]: (n) A medicine man of the Desana tribe of the Amazon. AYV
Paytiti, Paititi: (n) A mythical jungle city where Inkari lives until he can return to unite the Tawantinsuyu. The masculine counterpart of Miscayani. KOAK The Mythical City of Gold or El Dorado spoken of in many historical writings on the Incas. The Spanish were searching to plunder El Dorado, but more than likely misunderstood the spiritual significance of gold to the Inca. RS
penance (Eng): (n) Atonement for misdeeds. Penances were apt to be severe. They almost always involved fasting, which in Inca terms did not mean going without food altogether but merely without meat and seasonings. A more peculiar penance involved being beaten with nettles by hunchbacks who had been specially employed for this purpose. IAWS
perfumero (Span): A vegetalista who employs different fragrances to use in healing. AYV A vegetalista who has learned the way of the plants by dieting with a perfume extracted from several varieties of teacher plants. EMM
picchu: (n) Peak.
pichay: (v) To sweep; to clean; to erase. RS
Piguerao: (n) Twin brother of Inca god Apocatequil. DRB
Pihca Conqui: A constellation named in the Huarochirí Manuscript and said to consist of a perfect ring of stars. AEAA
pijchuy: (v) To chew coca. PSL
pinkuyllus: (n) Blue rods that go into wiska despachos to deflect disruptive energies. JLH
piri-piri: See, caballo piri-piri.
pischaco: (n) Dis-spirited one who prays on the energy life force of others; the living dead. RS
pisco: (n) A traditional liquor used in ceremonies both divine and profane. It is a product of the European invaders who craved more familiar libations than chicha. A pure, highly potent, aromatic brandy distilled in Peru from a grape called the quebranta, pisco eventually became known by the port from which it was exported.
pitay: (v) To smoke tobacco. QP
Pitu Siray and Sawa Siray: (n) The names of twin peaks, are counted as one of the sacred mountains of the Inca empire. Their mystical significance is duality, yanantin/masintin (dissimilar/similar), hapu ranti (right relationship). JLH (See, Apu.)
Pizarro, Francisco: ca.1476–1541, Spanish conquistador, conqueror of Peru. Born in Trujillo, he was an illegitimate son of a Spanish gentleman and as a child was an illiterate swineherd. Pizzaro accompanied Ojeda to Colombia in 1510 and was with Balboa when he discovered the Pacific. Hearing of the fabled wealth of the Incas, he formed (1524) a partnership with Diego de Almagro and Fernando de Luque (a priest who secured funds). The first expedition reached the San Juan River, part of the present boundary between Ecuador and Colombia. On the second (1526–28), Pizarro explored the swampy coast farther south while his pilot, Bartolomé Ruiz, crossed the equator and then returned to bring definite news of the southern realms. In 1528 his partners sent him to Spain to secure aid from Emperor Charles V; he achieved this and gained for himself most of the future profits. Sailing south, Pizarro landed at Tumbes (1532) and ascended the Andes to Cajamarca, where the Inca, Atahualpa, awaited him. Professing friendship, he enticed Atahualpa into the power of the Spanish, seized him, exacted a stupendous ransom (See, Rumiñahui), and then treacherously had him executed. The conquest of Peru was virtually completed by the capture of Cusco, which was later defended against Inca forces led by Manco Capac. Pizarro set about consolidating his conquest by founding new settlements, notably the present capital of Peru, Lima, and allotting land and Native Americans to his followers. IPC
Francisco Pizarro, portrait and signature.
Pizarro, by Felipe Guaman Poma de
Ayala.
Pleiades: This constellation is also known as the Seven Sisters. (See, collca.)
point zero: See, zero point.
Poma, de Ayala Felipe: A full-blooded Indian who wrote a book entitled El Primer Nueva Corónica Y Buen Gobierno (New Chronicle and Good Government), a plea to the King Philip III of Spain protesting the Spaniards’ treatment of his people. The manuscript was written over several years and finished in 1613. Through narrative and drawings, he depicted both the history and numerous cultural aspects of the Indians that had only been highlighted by the Spanish chroniclers. The book contained 398 full-page drawings and was 1200 pages long. Fifty years after Philip received it, the book wound up in the collections of the King of Denmark and forgotten. It was rediscovered in 1908.
